Exchange

A discount can be understood in the field of trade or the marketing as a sales practice that consists in the reduction of the price of certain item or service. In terms of financial economics refers simply to a certain type of operation which translates into banks and which consists in the acquisition by promissory notes or bills of Exchange not expired by which the client will perceive an interest as a result of advance amount. The equivalent of the interests will be discounted at the nominal value of the document or Bill of Exchange, registering operation on a document with the date of issuance and expiration date the main objectives to offer a discount may be to increase sales of particular product in the short term, mobilise merchandise that perhaps takes a long time in reserve and somehow reward the preference that had some customers to specific product or simply used as a weapon to promote and increase sales. There are establishments that can offer discount to certain types of customers, such as the educational discount, offered primarily to students even though this sometimes may include the whole staff who work in educational institutions. The main objective of offering this discount is to publicize certain product to the young buyer and this to become familiar with it, to keep later, when student life ends, the buyer probably purchasing the same product but then already paying a normal price for this. This type of discount is usually also very used in some countries in public transport, which is also sometimes offered to children and the elderly. There are also discounts for employees, which can be offered as an incentive to work in the particular company, these discounts are usually available for those who work in a company of sale of commercial products. However sometimes these discounts sometimes also are awarded to employees who work in the service industry and receive discount on them. The amount of discount will vary from 10% up to a 30% of the price offered to the public in general. Sometimes, an employee discount can be extended to the members of the family, this will depend on policies that operate each establishment. Also depending on the policies of the company discount, this discount may include relatives us so close or only include a spouse and children.

Economic Contraction

Summary the work considers a boarding between the Fleuriet Model that explains topics of management based on the Capital of Turn of the organizations and the reality of the companies in a period of time of 2008 and 2009. The companies search sources to finance its accounts in the Circulating one that many times can be ' ' cortadas' ' in a period of national or world-wide economic crisis and to block this turn of operations if will not be managed with quality in agreement the French professor Michael Fleuriet. In its considered Model it reclassifies the accounts of the Patrimonial Rocking, approaches topics as: Liquid liquid capital (CCL), Necessity of Capital of Giro (NCG), Balance of Treasure-house (t), Capital of Giro (CDG) and the Effect Shears or ' ' Overtrading' ' as well as it is known. These boarded topics with the extracted data of the Central banking will give to the confirmation of the defense of the considered model and the affirmation that the companies compromise its financial health in contraction times and me the management of its Liquid capital. Word-key: Dynamic analysis of the Capital of Turn; Effect Shears; Credit facilities; Economic contraction; Balance of Treasure-house.

Macroeconomic Theory

Of this form, the suppliers are made use to vender, the made use consumers to buy and it offers if it equals to the demand for one determined price. In few words this is the base of all the Economic Theory. Let us examine the example of the Bar Tavern that produces its proper chope? the Mimus. It imagines that you are one () drinking () of chope of the Skol, but the Tavern is charging a special price of R$ 1,50 for caneco of Mimus. The owner of the bar possesss ten (10) barrels in supply, but it finds that he had himself that to charge the price habitual of 2,80 R$ caneco, perhaps alone obtained to vender one two barrels. You like Skol, but for R$ 1,50 she decides to try the mark cheapest. Here, in this bar, ' ' hand invisvel' ' of the economy it is in action, therefore to the certain price, it has a demand for the ten barrels. Structures of Market In a competitive market exist forces that act moving offer, the demand and the proper prices.

Therefore, how much bigger it will be the competition in one determined market, more sensible it is the market price, in relation to the changes in it offers and the demand. Therefore, we will see below, three types of market structures: pure qMonoplio: it is characterized for to have only one salesman of definitive product (or service) without similars in the market. Example: company LIGHT in the city of the R.J withholds the monopoly of the supply of the electric energy and the TELEMAR, withholds the monopoly of the exploration of the fixed service of telephony in the State of the qOligoplio RIO DE JANEIRO: It is characterized for having one few suppliers of one determined product (or service), for which few substitutes or similars exist. If the sector will be competitive, the monopoly is beneficial for the consumer. (Example: the sector of mobile telephony in Brazil, where exists only four suppliers? Living creature, Clearly, TIM and Oi? he is beneficial for the consumers, therefore the sector of mobile telephony is in frank growth. But, if the sector will not be competitive, the consumers does not have no benefit. (Example: the sector of airlines, where the four participants? Varig, Tam, Goal and BRA? they do not compete between itself e, consequently, the consumers do not have no advantage. qConcorrncia: It is characterized for to have many competitors vendendo one definitive product (or service) with many similars, which can easily be substituted. E, in this in case that, the competition favors the consumers, with products of quality and lesser prices each time. (Example: the Extract sector of Tomatoes, Xampus, Mass, Biscuits, etc.) Therefore, when the Manager will be thinking about the specific conditions of the market of one determined branch or about the individual behavior of the consumers, is in this aspect of the Macroeconomic Theory who it must be intent, a time that the industries produce the amounts that take care of to the demand, to a price of balance based on the structure of the competitive market.

Brazilian Economic Scene

The Brazil risk was above of the 220 in the January end and index IBOVESPA that was in the house of the 70,000 points finishes the month of January in fall in the house them 65,000 points, oscillations in the Stock markets will be natural in this month, provoked for fiscal measures of the governments of U.S.A. and China. End of the tax benefits of the white line. High in the price of: sugar, rice, vegetables and some fruits, in virtue of the excess of rains and droughts in some places of Brazil.

Fall in the prices of the meats, the coffee, the alcohol, of the soy, meat suna and of the oil enters the end of January and beginning of February. A good option in the month is purchase of meat of birds that keeps unchanged price.> Pertaining to school material looks for products that do not have registered marks, therefore the difference of a product with the same quality can arrive 500%. Small increase in the taxes of interests of guaranteed checks and credit cards, exactly with tax SELIC remaining in the current platform. The reason is simple, increase of the insolvency of the companies and physical people who gain R$ 2 a thousand more than, but in the population with income of up to two a thousand Reals she had fall of 24% in the insolvency index. d Jr, New York City, then click here. China, a giant of the economy, with the biggest international reserve, in the order of US$ 2,27 trillions, beyond detainer of the biggest volume of headings of the American treasure, continues diversifying its monetary assets, searching other headings in other hard currency in the zone of the EURO and other countries..

Economic Recovery

The severity of the financial crisis has led to many countries being seriously concerned about what it represents in its economies by the possible consequences and the fear of inflation, the impact on the high cost of living for many countries they were not prepared for it, even for the same United States to be addressed immediately to avoid greater evils. The current President Barack Obama, knows what it represents, especially in the beginning of his new administration, a legacy of mismanagement that led to his predecessor President Busch, so try to avoid the negative, has given way to programs actions where protectionism will be crucial to get out. Everyone is quite concerned about a possible return of protectionism. Points out, Wharton management professor Stephen J. Kobrin, that if the world is to recover from this recession should avoid trade wars, especially given the growing interdependence of the economic interests of countries should not forget that in a protectionism during the Great Depression worsened, and now are much more integrated economies.

“In an interesting paper on this topic, by University Knowledge Wharton, refers to this situation and shows that the economic stimulus plan of 787 000 million dollars that Barack Obama President ratified Feb. Childrens Defense Fund insists that this is the case. 17 contained a provision unexpected, but nonetheless troubling for advocates of global free trade. It was the requirement that projects financed by the plan to purchase goods manufactured in the United States provided possible. When the world’s governments spend enormous sums of money to stimulate their economies, it seems reasonable that each one invests in its own market.

Tax Exemption

The campaign of citizenship of the pupils of the Company Jnior FABAVI Victory in defense of the integral exemption of taxes on the national basic basket is of wind in pulp and comes conquering some local partners and of it are of the State. The ONG Person from de state of espirito santo Transparency was the first one, through the Director Rafael Claude Simes who already added link of the campaign in the site. The filiada COEP-ES the National Net of Social Mobilization also is partnership through the regional Executive Secretary, Mrs. Rita de Cssia Paiva de Carvalho. The ALONE ONG Child and Adolescent, idealized for the Doctor Rosarinha Bastos de Cuiab, Mato Grosso will make the spreading in the Region Center-West of the country through the site. Second study carried through for the Brazilian Association of the Industries of the Feeding, Brazil still possesss one of biggest tax burdens of the world on foods. In this recent study, the tax burden that happens on all the foods is greater that 25%. Recently BSA sought to clarify these questions.

On the products of the national basic basket the percentage is of 16%, what it inhibits the consumer strong and it flattens the income of the agricultural producer. If you would like to know more then you should visit Chase Koch. The same study carried through for the Brazilian Association of the Industries of the Feeding sample that the reduction of the tax burden on foods in Brazil would increase the size of the consuming market in 5%. The result would be the generation of 626 a thousand new jobs, as much in farming how much in the industry, provoking a growth of 7% in the collection tax. This opposes the projections of that they foresee a fall in the level of collection proceeding from the exemption of the ICMS on the basic basket in the attempt to justify its elitist and prejudiced vision against more food in the table of the poor persons. An integral exemption of taxes on the national basic basket would bring an extraordinary one resulted in the social field. We would have an increase of 11% in the real value of the minimum wage, an esteem growth of 8% in the real income of the families with less than two wages minimums, a reduction of the number of beggars and an increase of the calrica ingestion. In this manner, the politics tax of disinvesting of a charge of the basic basket is a powerful instrument of redistribution of income and, consequentemente, reduction of the levels of misery and poverty where the majority of the Brazilian population lives. If you want to adhere to the campaign have access the site and participate of below-signed online in defense of the tax exemption on the national basic basket.

Considering the work that each individual carries through as a dedicated service to excessively, it is not permissible the exploration of man power of some and the supervaluation of the work of others. It must, yes, to have a rocking more just, in such way that the work of all is recognized. For example, a person who helps in the cleanness of the city and collects the garbage quick a so valuable service how much any another one and needs to receive a wage worthy. To create a sustainable strategy in this direction, it is important that the commanded one is conditional to the degree of sacrifice and effort that is necessary for the accomplishment of the tasks. Still, she is more than what just that, beyond the commanded one, the worker also receives part from the profit of the company, in accordance with its persistence and devotion. One of the positive aspects of the progress of the humanity is the increase of the collective will in the reduction of the poverty and the misery. Therefore, all effort is little so that the general conscience perceives the necessity of deep changes in materialistic vision currently in vigor.

A solution for this quandary comes of the thought of Bah' u' llh that it suggests the measure of participation of the employees in the profit of the company. It affirms the following one: ' ' In accordance with the divine law, the employees do not have paid for mere to be commanded. Not, in place of this, they must participate of the profit of all transaes.' ' 1 With certainty, the idea is to prevent the exploration of the employees, and for this the participation of them in the profit of the company is indispensable, respecting, clearly, the proportionality to the load of service of each one. In fact, the vitality of a company depends on the profit.